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Τι (ποιος) είναι abortive$551588$ - ορισμός

CHANGE IN CELL PHENOTYPE RESULTING FROM INSERTION OF VIRAL GENETIC MATERIAL
Abortive infection; Nonproductive infection; Viral cell transformation
  • Figure 4: Type I Human Interferon
  • Figure 3: Examples of endocytosis
  • Figure 1: Hepatitis-B virions
  • Figure 2: Phage injecting its genome into bacterial cell

Abortive initiation         
  • Abortive cycling by [[T7 RNA polymerase]]
  • DNA scrunching mechanism. During initial transcription, RNA polymerase (RNAP) remains stationary on the promoter and unwinds and reels in downstream DNA.
EARLY PROCESS OF GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION
Abortive transcription; DNA scrunching
Abortive initiation, also known as abortive transcription, is an early process of genetic transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to a DNA promoter and enters into cycles of synthesis of short mRNA transcripts which are released before the transcription complex leaves the promoter. This process occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Unsuccessful transfer         
  • Regular genetic transformation: A gene from bacterial cell 1 is moved to bacterial cell 2.
FAILURE OF BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION
Abortive transfer
Unsuccessful transfer or abortive transfer is any bacterial DNA transfer from donor cells to recipient cells that fails to survive transduction and conjugation. In all cases, the transferred fragment could be diluted during the proliferation phase.
Abortive transformation         
The abortive transformation is a transformation of cells, which are unstable. A few generations after transformation the cells revert to normal.

Βικιπαίδεια

Viral transformation

Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. Through this process, a virus causes harmful transformations of an in vivo cell or cell culture. The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector.

Viral transformation can occur both naturally and medically. Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and T-cell Leukemia virus type I. Hepatitis B and C are also the result of natural viral transformation of the host cells. Viral transformation can also be induced for use in medical treatments.

Cells that have been virally transformed can be differentiated from untransformed cells through a variety of growth, surface, and intracellular observations. The growth of transformed cells can be impacted by a loss of growth limitation caused by cell contact, less oriented growth, and high saturation density. Transformed cells can lose their tight junctions, increase their rate of nutrient transfer, and increase their protease secretion. Transformation can also affect the cytoskeleton and change in the quantity of signal molecules.